Civil engineers play a significant role at any construction site. They need to remember certain points to bring effectiveness to their work to maintain the quality of construction
Firstly understand what civil Engineering is.
Civil Engineering is one of the broadest and oldest of the engineering disciplines, extending across many technical specialties. Civil Engineers plan, design, and supervise the construction of facilities essential to modern life like space satellites and launching facilities, offshore structures, bridges, buildings, tunnels, highways, transit systems, dams, airports, harbor’s, water supply system and wastewater treatment plants.
A civil engineer is responsible for planning and designing a project, constructing the project to the required scale, and maintenance of the project. A civil engineer requires not only a high standard of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and administrative skills.
What does a Civil Engineer do?
Civil engineers are involved in the design and building of highways, bridges and tunnels, schools, hospitals, airports and other buildings, sewage systems and water treatment facilities
Most structures, large and small, require the help of a civil engineer whether in the designing, planning or managing of the project. Civil engineers also help to preserve our environment by assisting in the cleaning up of existing pollution and planning ways to reduce future pollution of our air, land, and water.
What is the future for a Civil Engineering graduate?
Civil engineers are employed in all the major construction projects carried out by the state or central government like the public works departments (PWD), the railways and military. Civil Engineers are mostly required in private construction and real estate companies as project engineers.
Cube samples required for different quantity of concrete
Quantity of Concrete No. of cubes required
1 – 5 m3 1 No’s
6 -- 15 m3 2 No’s
16 – 30 m3 3 No’s
31 – 50 m3 4 No’s
Above 50 m3 4 + 1 No’s of the addition of each 50 m3
De-Shuttering time of different RCC Members
RCC Member De-shuttering time
For columns, walls, the vertical form works 16-24 hrs.
Soffit formwork to slabs 3 days (props to be refixed after removal)
Soffit to beams props 7 days (props to refixed after removal)
Beams spanning up to 4.5m 7 days
Beams spanning over 4.5m 14 days
Arches spanning up to 6m 14 days
Arches spanning over 6m 21 days
Curing time of RCC Members for different types of cement
Super Sulphate cement: 7 days
Ordinary Portland cement OPC: 10 days
Minerals & Admixture added cement: 14 days
Density of Materials
Material Density
Bricks 1600 – 1920 kg/m3
Concrete block 1920 kg/ m3
Reinforced concrete 2310 – 2700 kg/ m3
Let us list some Civil Engineering Tips necessary for them to remember:
*Distribution bars of slabs should not be more than 1/8 of slab thickness and should not be less than 8mm.
*Maintain the maximum thickness of slab which is 125mm.
*The PH value of the water should not be less than 6.
*Maximum diameter of the bars used for lapping should be 36mm. Bars with more than the mentioned diameter should not be allowed.
*Maximum chair spacing is always 1m and a minimum diameter that is used for these bars is 12mm.
*Longitudinal reinforcement need not be less than 0.8% of the gross area of cross section nor should it be more than 6% of the same.
*The main bars used in the slabs should not be less than 8mm in case HYSD bars are used and 10mm when plain bars are used.
*The minimum diameter that is used for dowels bars is 12mm.
*The maximum standard of free fall of concrete is 1.50m.
*The comprehensive strength of bricks is 3.5 N/mm2
*Absorption of water by bricks should not be more than 15%.
*Lapping should not be employed for bars with diameters greater than 36mm.
*The binding wire needed in steel reinforcement is 8 kg per MT.
*As per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for core cutting tests for every 100m2 in Soil filling.
*Electrical conduits shall not run in the column.
*Earthwork excavation for basement above 3m should be stepped form.
*Backfilling of any kind should be compacted 95% of dry density at the optimum moisture content. They should be in layers not more than 200mm for filling above structure and 300mm for no structure.
Civil Engineering Tips – Points to Remember for Civil Site Engineer*F soling is specified the soling stones shall be laid at 45° to 60° inclination, not in a vertical way with interstices filled with sand.
*Cement should be stored in dry places. It will be placed on a raised platform say about 200mm above floor level and 300mm away from walls.
*Bags to be stacked till 10 bags high in a manner that it is protected from moisture and contamination.
*Fresh concrete samples should be taken and at least a set of 6 cubes of 150mm shall be prepared and cured. 3 cubes each at 7 days and 28 days shall be tested for comprehensive strength. Test results must be given to engineering for approval. When the results are unsatisfactory necessary rectification measures need to be taken.
*Set of cube test need to be done for each 30 cum of concrete / each level of casting / each batch of cement.
*Water that is used for mixing and curing should be clean and free from oils, alkali, salts, sugar and organic materials or other deleterious substances. PH. shall be generally between 6 and 8.
Firstly understand what civil Engineering is.Civil Engineering is one of the broadest and oldest of the engineering disciplines, extending across many technical specialties. Civil Engineers plan, design, and supervise the construction of facilities essential to modern life like space satellites and launching facilities, offshore structures, bridges, buildings, tunnels, highways, transit systems, dams, airports, harbor’s, water supply system and wastewater treatment plants.
A civil engineer is responsible for planning and designing a project, constructing the project to the required scale, and maintenance of the project. A civil engineer requires not only a high standard of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and administrative skills.
What does a Civil Engineer do?
Civil engineers are involved in the design and building of highways, bridges and tunnels, schools, hospitals, airports and other buildings, sewage systems and water treatment facilities
Most structures, large and small, require the help of a civil engineer whether in the designing, planning or managing of the project. Civil engineers also help to preserve our environment by assisting in the cleaning up of existing pollution and planning ways to reduce future pollution of our air, land, and water.
What is the future for a Civil Engineering graduate?
Civil engineers are employed in all the major construction projects carried out by the state or central government like the public works departments (PWD), the railways and military. Civil Engineers are mostly required in private construction and real estate companies as project engineers.
Cube samples required for different quantity of concrete
Quantity of Concrete No. of cubes required
1 – 5 m3 1 No’s
6 -- 15 m3 2 No’s
16 – 30 m3 3 No’s
31 – 50 m3 4 No’s
Above 50 m3 4 + 1 No’s of the addition of each 50 m3
De-Shuttering time of different RCC Members
RCC Member De-shuttering time
For columns, walls, the vertical form works 16-24 hrs.
Soffit formwork to slabs 3 days (props to be refixed after removal)
Soffit to beams props 7 days (props to refixed after removal)
Beams spanning up to 4.5m 7 days
Beams spanning over 4.5m 14 days
Arches spanning up to 6m 14 days
Arches spanning over 6m 21 days
Curing time of RCC Members for different types of cement
Super Sulphate cement: 7 days
Ordinary Portland cement OPC: 10 days
Minerals & Admixture added cement: 14 days
Density of Materials
Material Density
Bricks 1600 – 1920 kg/m3
Concrete block 1920 kg/ m3
Reinforced concrete 2310 – 2700 kg/ m3
Let us list some Civil Engineering Tips necessary for them to remember:
*Distribution bars of slabs should not be more than 1/8 of slab thickness and should not be less than 8mm.
*Maintain the maximum thickness of slab which is 125mm.
*The PH value of the water should not be less than 6.
*Maximum diameter of the bars used for lapping should be 36mm. Bars with more than the mentioned diameter should not be allowed.
*Maximum chair spacing is always 1m and a minimum diameter that is used for these bars is 12mm.
*Longitudinal reinforcement need not be less than 0.8% of the gross area of cross section nor should it be more than 6% of the same.
*The main bars used in the slabs should not be less than 8mm in case HYSD bars are used and 10mm when plain bars are used.
*The minimum diameter that is used for dowels bars is 12mm.
*The maximum standard of free fall of concrete is 1.50m.
*The comprehensive strength of bricks is 3.5 N/mm2
*Absorption of water by bricks should not be more than 15%.
*Lapping should not be employed for bars with diameters greater than 36mm.
*The binding wire needed in steel reinforcement is 8 kg per MT.
*As per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for core cutting tests for every 100m2 in Soil filling.
*Electrical conduits shall not run in the column.
*Earthwork excavation for basement above 3m should be stepped form.
*Backfilling of any kind should be compacted 95% of dry density at the optimum moisture content. They should be in layers not more than 200mm for filling above structure and 300mm for no structure.
Civil Engineering Tips – Points to Remember for Civil Site Engineer*F soling is specified the soling stones shall be laid at 45° to 60° inclination, not in a vertical way with interstices filled with sand.*Cement should be stored in dry places. It will be placed on a raised platform say about 200mm above floor level and 300mm away from walls.
*Bags to be stacked till 10 bags high in a manner that it is protected from moisture and contamination.
*Fresh concrete samples should be taken and at least a set of 6 cubes of 150mm shall be prepared and cured. 3 cubes each at 7 days and 28 days shall be tested for comprehensive strength. Test results must be given to engineering for approval. When the results are unsatisfactory necessary rectification measures need to be taken.
*Set of cube test need to be done for each 30 cum of concrete / each level of casting / each batch of cement.
*Water that is used for mixing and curing should be clean and free from oils, alkali, salts, sugar and organic materials or other deleterious substances. PH. shall be generally between 6 and 8.
